Python lesson

Fixing capitals with .str

strip first, then title: ' lagos' becomes 'Lagos', and both Abujas now match.

About 5–10 minutes · no sign-up needed

Example

lagos, ABUJA, abuja: to pandas these are all different. .str.title() fixes the capitals on every value:

df["City"] = df["City"].str.strip().str.title()
df

Output:

Name City Revenue
0   ada obi Lagos 70
1 TUNDE BAKARE  Abuja 15
2 grace eze Abuja NaN
3 Musa Bello Kano 40
4 Musa Bello Kano 40

.str.title()Capitalise each word: ada obi becomes Ada Obi.

.str.upper() .str.lower()All capitals, or all small letters.

.str.strip().str.title()Chain them: remove the spaces first, then fix the capitals.

Cleaning comes before analysis: 'abuja' and 'ABUJA' would otherwise count as two different cities.

Try each one in your head first, then open the answer.

1. Build a line that fixes the capitals in the City column.

df["City"] = df["City"].str.title()

2. Build a line that makes every Name all capitals.

df["Name"] = df["Name"].str.upper()

3. Clean the Name column: remove the extra spaces, then make it title case.

df["Name"] = df["Name"].str.strip().str.title()

4. Clean the City column: remove the extra spaces, then make it title case.

df["City"] = df["City"].str.strip().str.title()

5. Make every City all small letters.

df["City"] = df["City"].str.lower()

Learn it by doing. This lesson is a short hands-on level on Bampaa: see it work, then build and write it yourself, with instant feedback.

About 5–10 minutes · no sign-up needed